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An engine, likewise called a motor, is a tool which transforms energy into useful mechanical motion. Motors which transform heat energy into motion are referred to as engines. Engines come in several types such as internal and external combustion. An internal combustion engine usually burns a fuel making use of air and the resulting hot gases are used for generating power. Steam engines are an illustration of external combustion engines. They use heat in order to generate motion along with a separate working fluid.
In order to produce a mechanical motion through varying electromagnetic fields, the electric motor needs to take and create electrical energy. This kind of engine is very common. Other types of engine could be driven using non-combustive chemical reactions and some will make use of springs and be driven through elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven by compressed air. There are different designs depending upon the application required.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
An internal combustion engine occurs whenever the combustion of fuel mixes along with an oxidizer inside a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of high pressure gases mixed with high temperatures results in applying direct force to some engine parts, for example, pistons, turbine blades or nozzles. This force produces functional mechanical energy by way of moving the part over a distance. Normally, an internal combustion engine has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotating motor. The majority of rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion motors known as continuous combustion, which takes place on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines such as Stirling or steam engines vary very much from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, where the energy is delivered to a working fluid like for example pressurized water, liquid sodium and hot water or air that are heated in some sort of boiler. The working fluid is not mixed with, comprising or contaminated by burning products.
The styles of ICEs existing nowadays come along with numerous weaknesses and strengths. An internal combustion engine powered by an energy dense fuel will deliver efficient power-to-weight ratio. Even though ICEs have been successful in many stationary utilization, their real strength lies in mobile utilization. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply intended for vehicles like for example cars, boats and aircrafts. Some hand-held power gadgets use either ICE or battery power gadgets.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine is comprised of a heat engine where a working fluid, like for example steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated through combustion of an external source. This combustion takes place through a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which produces motion. Next, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or disposed, and cool fluid is pulled in.
Burning fuel using the aid of an oxidizer to be able to supply the heat is known as "combustion." External thermal engines can be of similar use and configuration but use a heat supply from sources like for instance solar, nuclear, exothermic or geothermal reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid could be of any composition, though gas is the most common working fluid. From time to time a single-phase liquid is sometimes utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between gas and liquid.